Question 1

In pneumonia ,the patient will retain PCO2 due to shallow respirations related to restrictive effect of the inflammatory response .This will cause high level of PCO2 in the blood .This is called :*

A. Hyporcapnea

B. Hypercapnea

C. Acidosis

D. Hypoxemia

Question 2

In the treatment of venous thrombosis, one of the following explains why elevation of the affected extremity above the level of the heart is important :*

A. Prevents venous stasis

B. Prevents extension of the throm-bus and PE.

C. Promotes blood flow to the heart

D. Helps reduce edema and tenderness

Question 3

One of the types of jaundice is mainly caused by excessive unconjugated bilirubin production due to excessive destruction of erythrocytes or Red Blood Cells (RBC).That one is:*

A. Hepatocellular Jaundice

B. Obstructive Jaundice

C. Haemolytic Jaundice

Question 4

The Ejection Fraction (EF) is the percentage of the blood that is pumped out of the heart during each beat .It is the key indicator of heart failure .You will think about heart failure when :*

A. EF 80%

B. EF of 50-70%

C. EF is less than 40%

D. EF 60%

Question 5

The common cause of pulmonary edema is:*

A. COPD

B. ARDS

C. Right sided heart disease

D. Left sided heart disease

Question 6

The following electrolytes participate in the maintenance of osmotic balance of ICF and ECF space:*

A. Calcium ICF and Sodium ECF

B. Sodium ECF and Potassium ICF

C. Potassium ICF and Chloride ECF

D. Calcium ICF and Potassium ECF

Question 7

The followings apply to a malignant hypertension:*

A. Rapidly progressive hypertension in which systolic  and diastolic  pressures are usually  greater  to 140mmHg

B. Rapidly progressive hypertension in which diastolic pressure(DBP) is usually greater than 140 mmHg.

C. A systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 140 mm Hg or more, or a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 90 mm Hg or more

D. Is not  life threatening

Question 8

The followings are the risk factors of hypertension. One of them is the important risk factor of hypertension in both adults and children. What is that one?:*

A. Age

B. Cigarette smoking

C. Obesity

D. Heavy alcohol consumption

Question 9

High  incidence of DVT among women especially during late pregnancy and the early postpartum period is explained by the followings  EXCEPT :*

A. The fetus compresses the inferior vena cava

B. Stasis  of blood flow due to the  fetus compression

C. High level of circulating estrogen

D. Increased blood volume during pregnancy

Question 10

The most common form of respiratory failure, in which there is impaired oxygenation and characterized by an arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) lower than 60 mm Hg with a normal or low arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) is :*

A. Type I (hypoxemic respiratory failure )

B. Type II (Hypercapnic respiratory failure )

C. Type I and Type II

D. None

Question 11

You are in your clinical placement at Kibuye District Hospital, today you receive  patient X in the Out Patient Departement (OPD) .Reading through his file, you found that the patient was diagnosed with mitral valve regurgitation. How can you explain this condition to your patient :*

A. The valve leaflets fail to close completely, permitting blood flow to continue even when the valve is supposed to be closed.

B. The valve orifice is constricted and narrowed, delay the forward flow of blood and increasing the workload of the cardiac chamber proximal to the diseased valve.

C. The myocardium fails to contact

D. The valve is inflamed

Question 12

You are in your clinical placement at Mugonero District Hospital, today you receive a patient AD in the Out Patient Departement (OPD) .Reading through his file, you found that the patient was diagnosed with aortic valve stenosis. How can you explain this condition to your patient :*

A. The valve is inflamed

B. The valve orifice is constricted and narrowed, delay the forward flow of blood and increasing the workload of the cardiac chamber proximal to the diseased valve.

C. The valve leaflets fail to close completely, permitting blood flow to continue even when the valve is supposed to be closed.

D. The myocardium fails to contact

Question 13

You know that someone exposed to the following factors will be likely to develop  Deep  Venous Thrombosis(DVT) EXCEPT:*

A. Venous stasis (eg. immobility )

B. Venous endothelial damage

C. Coagulation problems(Hypercoagualable state )

D. High cholesterol diet

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