Clinical and applied pharmacology
By UWIKUNDA PATRICK
2 months, 3 weeks ago
Discussion
Emmanuel NTIRUSHWA
2 months, 3 weeks ago
1. NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)
NSAIDs are a class of drugs that help reduce inflammation, pain, and fever.
They work by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which are involved in the production of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are compounds that promote inflammation, pain, and fever. By blocking these enzymes, NSAIDs help alleviate these symptoms.
Common examples of NSAIDs include:
- Aspirin
- Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
- Naproxen(Aleve)
- Diclofenac (Voltaren)
NSAIDs can be categorized into two types based on their selectivity for COX enzymes:
- Nonselective NSAIDs.These inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. While they are effective in reducing inflammation, they can also cause gastrointestinal side effects due to COX-1 inhibition.
- **COX-2 Selective Inhibitors**:
These selectively inhibit the COX-2 enzyme, reducing inflammation with fewer gastrointestinal side effects
However, they may have a higher risk of cardiovascular side effects.
2. *Corticosteroid Drugs*
Corticosteroids are synthetic drugs that mimic the effects of hormones produced by the adrenal glands, such as cortisol.
They are potent anti-inflammatory agents and are used to treat a variety of conditions, including autoimmune diseases, allergies, and asthma.
Corticosteroids work by suppressing the immune system and reducing inflammation. They can be administered in various forms, including tablets, injections, creams, and inhalers
Common examples of corticosteroids include:
- **Prednisone**
- **Dexamethasone**
- **Hydrocortisone**
- **Methylprednisolone**
While corticosteroids are highly effective, long-term use can lead to side effects such as weight gain, high blood pressure, diabetes, and osteoporosis. It's important to use them under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
Emmanuel NTIRUSHWA
2 months, 3 weeks ago1. NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)
NSAIDs are a class of drugs that help reduce inflammation, pain, and fever.
They work by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which are involved in the production of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are compounds that promote inflammation, pain, and fever. By blocking these enzymes, NSAIDs help alleviate these symptoms.
Common examples of NSAIDs include:
- Aspirin
- Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
- Naproxen(Aleve)
- Diclofenac (Voltaren)
NSAIDs can be categorized into two types based on their selectivity for COX enzymes:
- Nonselective NSAIDs.These inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. While they are effective in reducing inflammation, they can also cause gastrointestinal side effects due to COX-1 inhibition.
- **COX-2 Selective Inhibitors**:
These selectively inhibit the COX-2 enzyme, reducing inflammation with fewer gastrointestinal side effects
However, they may have a higher risk of cardiovascular side effects.
2. *Corticosteroid Drugs*
Corticosteroids are synthetic drugs that mimic the effects of hormones produced by the adrenal glands, such as cortisol.
They are potent anti-inflammatory agents and are used to treat a variety of conditions, including autoimmune diseases, allergies, and asthma.
Corticosteroids work by suppressing the immune system and reducing inflammation. They can be administered in various forms, including tablets, injections, creams, and inhalers
Common examples of corticosteroids include:
- **Prednisone**
- **Dexamethasone**
- **Hydrocortisone**
- **Methylprednisolone**
While corticosteroids are highly effective, long-term use can lead to side effects such as weight gain, high blood pressure, diabetes, and osteoporosis. It's important to use them under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
Louise Umuhoza
2 months, 3 weeks ago👏👏